Last month, October 2019, was the warmest October on record globally, according to the European Union's Copernicus Climate Change Service. The month was 0.69 degrees Celsius warmer than the average of all Octobers from 1981-2010, narrowly beating the previous record set in 2015. The heat was spread across the globe, with much of the Arctic experiencing much above average temperatures, while much of western USA and Canada experienced much below average temperatures. This year has seen multiple other hottest-month records, including July, which was the warmest month of all on record. Monthly temperatures over the past 12 months have averaged close to 1.2 degrees Celsius over pre-industrial levels, which is close to the limit set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in November 2018.