When rain falls on an existing cover of snow, followed cold temperatures, or falls as freezing rain, it can leave a hard crust. Surface melt followed by cold can do the same. There is growing evidence that such events are becoming more common in the rapidly warming Arctic, and it is increasingly recognized that they can have pronounced impacts on Arctic wildlife, domesticated reindeer and travel. They have sometime resulted in large die-offs of reindeer because the icy crust makes it difficult to find forage and travel may be inhibited. The Arctic Rain on Snow Study (AROSS), a collaboration between the University of Colorado Boulder, the Alaska Pacific University, the University of Lapland and involving extensive community engagement and co-production of knowledge, seeks to better understand the distribution, severity and changes in the frequency of rain on snow events and melt events in the Arctic and their impacts, with a focus on hunting and in particular, reindeer herding livelihoods.
This map collection includes events related to winter rain, rain-on-snow or rapid thaw leading to icy conditions. The events are generally located north of 60 degrees latitude. It includes LEO Network posts that occurred between November 1 and February 30. At the time this map was created in December 2019, winter rain events are still considered unusual events. They are however, expected to become increasingly common with global warming. The AROSS Map is a living document, meaning that new posts with category "winter rain", time frame of November - February and located at or north of 60 degree N latitude, are automatically added to the map. Further content creation is provided by the Winter Rain Project (link) Team, including the Center for Climate and Health at Alaska Pacific University, the National Snow and Ice Data Center at U.C. Boulder, ...
M. Brubaker, M. Brook, J. Temte, 12-01-19
Short link to this map: https://www.leonetwork.org/ros
Weather | 42 | ||
Land Mammals | 15 | ||
Surface Waters / Wetlands | 13 | ||
Land | 9 | ||
Air | 4 | ||
Ocean / Sea | 4 | ||
Plants / Kelp | 3 | ||
Groundwater | 2 | ||
Fish | 1 | ||
Marine Mammals | 1 |
Transportation | 16 | ||
Economic Impact | 14 | ||
Cultural Impact | 14 | ||
Sports / Recreation | 11 | ||
Livestock | 11 | ||
Buildings | 11 | ||
Food Security | 11 | ||
Safety | 10 | ||
Human Health | 9 | ||
Energy | 7 | ||
Pets | 2 | ||
Water Security | 2 | ||
Agriculture | 1 | ||
Sanitation | 1 | ||
Harvest Change | 1 | ||
Displacement | 1 |
The mountain crossings linking the east and west are all open, but on these mountain crossings it has snow.
Fairbanks' May 10 temperature was two degrees below the daily record, while snow melt from an above-normal year is flooding Interior rivers.
We went from relatively cold days and nights in late March, to warm days and warm nights in April. This means no overnight freezing of snow, and no crust conditions for skiers...yet.
There is a danger of spring flood over almost the entire country. On Sognefjellet it has not been as much snow in 20 years.
Grazing conditions are very poor this winter in Norway as an unusual amount of snow forces the reindeer to dig really deep to find food.
Halland county in southwestern Sweden is battling heavy flooding along the banks of the Nissan and Lagan rivers, with more rain in the forecast.
Spring is still months away in the Northwest Territories, but people are already looking ahead at the spring breakup season. In Aklavik, some see signs that could point to heavy flooding, a lot of snowfall, very high snow piles all over town and thick ice.
High water levels and flooding are being reported from several parts of southern Sweden Monday, and the met office SMHI has issued class 2 flood warnings ...
In Karasjok and Kautokeino, there has been greater snowfall than usual on winter pastures. The difficulty in digging down to pasture is effecting reindeer in large parts of Troms and Finnmark.
The island of Vega in Helgeland, which has a measurement station from 1999, has not had as much rain in 15 years. They had 27 rainy days in January.
Several rainfall records in Nordland have already been struck. Now a warning has been sent out for even more of the same. - We are in the top tier of what we have measured by rainfall over the last 100 years, says meteorologist Bente Wahl.
Icy conditions in the mountains have caused wild reindeer to descend towards the hut areas to find food. In several places ski areas are now closed to prevent the reindeer from being disturbed.
400 residents lost the road connection and several houses were evacuated when a seven-mile-long ice stopper came loose, carrying large masses of ice and water. Today, the municipality is on inspection to look at the damage.
A new heat record for January. Sunndalsøra in Nordmøre measured 19 plus degrees in the morning.
Warm temperatures bring novel rain event in Northern Sweden.
The snowfall came after Anchorage broke the daily record for warmest Dec. 31, with temperatures at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport measuring 46 degrees.
100 dead horses have been found following the major storm that hit Iceland last week. Some are still missing and the search continues. Some horses are known to remain in danger and vets say that farmers are exhausted.
Most of Anchorage is currently covered in ice, but that doesn't mean it's impossible to ski.
Hiila Inga is concerned about the health of his reindeer. His community herds 8000 head each year, between traditional grazing lands in the mountain and the forests further east.
After being buried, the trapped hiker was able to kick his legs free. A hiker passing by spotted his feet sticking out of the snow.
Open water over the ocean creates conditions that lead to hoar frost and rime ice. These conditions impact travel and are expected to become more common as ice forms later in Norton Sound.
Since yesterday evening, over two dozen people have visited the emergency room at the National University Hospital of Iceland owing to icy conditions in the Greater Reykjavík area.
Rockfall along the Seward Highway near Beluga Point has been happening since wind and rain battered the area earlier this week.
Marsh Lake was the hardest hit, but power was out 'all over,' said Jay Massie, manager of ATCO Electric Yukon, 'from Teslin to Tagish, Carcross out to Deep Creek and west towards Haines Junction.'
It rained on December 15th in Svalbard and the resulting ice made it difficult for reindeer to graze. The reindeer likely starved to death after being unable to find food, according to scientists at the Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI).
Multiple storms and warm weather in St. Mary's.
Nunavut experienced some 'strange' weather in the past few days, causing shipping containers to fly through one community and muddy puddles in another.
Nunavut experienced some 'strange' weather in the past few days, causing shipping containers to fly through one community and muddy puddles in another.
The past couple years have been warmer than normal contributing to where the river is still flowing ice and with some of the plants still green.
Hazardous driving conditions due to freezing rain.
Winter transformed from time of snow to time of ice.
It was a very warm week of the 25th of January, on my way home it started raining pretty heavy, mind you, no snow, but rain. I was expecting maybe some wet snow, but it was not to be...
Nome was hit by unseasonably warm temperatures and strong winds.
A heatwave in Unalakleet, Alaska.
At lower elevations, there has been melting, hurricane force winds and rain, which have stripped away the snow and left the trails bare, wet, and icy.
We used to be able to go ice fishing in the lagoon as well as ice skating. Now community members are using a net to get the tomcods.
1-27-14 Where is the snow - St. Mary's Alaska, USA
12-7-13 Unseasonably warm weather - Quinhagak, Alaska USA
Sixty-one thousand reindeer starved to death in the northwestern reaches of the Russian tundra in November 2013 in the largest recorded mortality event of its kind.
There is a lot of overflow and flooding happening in Anchorage area streams, as a result of the recent record rain fall.
The Government of Nunavut is restricting harvest due to what it calls “a recent steep decline in the population” of the herd. That decline has led to a “conservation concern” about the western Nunavut herd’s numbers.
Photograph illustrates the impact of a rain-on-snow event during the winter of 2018.
The warmest November in over 100 years has had unusual consequences in Finnmark. The video shows the third breakup this autumn.
Overnight ice rain and north winds turned Vladivostok, Russia's Pacific capital, and most of the Primorye region into a frozen land with hundreds of power lines cut by wet snow. The storm left 120,000 people without electricity and many without heating and water.
A 60-year-old man was found early on Friday in the yard of Pokrovsky Cathedral in the centre of Vladivostok. Elsewhere in Primorsky region 94,000 people are still without electricity, 18,000 are without heating.
The reindeer owners feel they had to choose. Pay expensive fines or move with the reindeer across the river even if the ice was too thin. On Saturday, a thousand reindeer went through the ice in Vuorašjávri, a mile east of Kautokeino municipality in Finnmark.
Because of the increased travel distance, only families with larger boats were able to participate in the hunt and bring back enough to make the trip cost effective. With a heavier load in the boat, one family ran out of gas trying to get home and had to be rescued.
More rain and a blanket of snow in recent months has helped Sweden's groundwater levels recover significantly after dropping in several parts of the country.
Very heavy rain has affected South and East Iceland throughout Sunday and overnight. An area of Seyðisfjörður has been evacuated and road closures were announced in three places due to an avalanche, an ice flood, and a downed power line.
There was heavy rainfall yesterday across the region. Rain combined with thawing snow and above-freezing temperatures are conditions that increase the likelihood of landslides. The evacuation from six streets was called “precautionary” as authorities are still evaluating whether the slope was destabilized following December landslides.
In less than three years, the number of animals on the island of Kolguyev dropped from more than 12,000 to only 153.
Rana municipality has been warned that there have been several avalanches in Stormdalen near Skarpneset. This has led to large amounts of water accumulating – potentially triggering a flood.
Locals in the far northern Russian region believe between 60,000-80,000 animals might have died of starvation over the past few months. The tragedy follows the formation of a thick layer of ice across major parts of the Yamal tundra.
Because of the changeable weather an ice crust arose on the snow and reindeer could not get food on their own. Reindeer herders fed the main herd with compound feed. The dead reindeer, most likely, have strayed from the main herd.
State biologists completed an annual survey of the Innoko-Yukon River wood bison population earlier this summer, and they say the results show the animals are doing well six years after a seed group of bison was released in the area.
25-30 reindeer drowned in the Kautokeino River today after a herd of reindeer passed through the ice. The accident happened when the herd of reindeer was crossing the fragile ice on the river. This is the third similar incident in the area in a couple of weeks. Yesterday, three reindeer went through the ice. They were all rescued alive. This article is also available in the Sami language at this link.
“This new snow has no name,” said Lars-Anders Kuhmunen, a reindeer herder from Kiruna, Sweden’s northernmost town, near the Norwegian border. “I don’t know what it is. It is like early tjaevi, which normally comes in March. The winters are warmer now and there is rain, making the ground icy. The snow on top is very bad snow and the reindeer can’t dig for their food.”
Changing weather with a lot of snow, rain and strong frost with icing, has made it difficult for the reindeer to reach lichen and moss on the ground in Nordland.